問題に挑戦!
難易度:★★☆
- The new product (develop / has / been / by / our company).
- This novel (translated / into / many languages / has / been).
- The meeting (will / hold / next week / be).
難易度:★★★
- It (said / is / that he / is a genius).
- The thief (caught / was / by / the police).
- The game (must / finish / by five o’clock / be).
難易度:★★★★
- If given more time, I (could / have / done / better).
- Judging from his appearance, he (seems / to be / tired).
- Lost in thought, he (didn’t / hear / what I said).
解答と解説
難易度:★★☆
- The new product has been developed by our company.
- 新製品は私たち会社によって開発された。
- This novel has been translated into many languages.
- この小説は多くの言語に翻訳された。
- The meeting will be held next week.
- 会議は来週開催される。
難易度:★★★
- It is said that he is a genius.
- 彼は天才だと言われている。(形式主語itを用いた受動態)
- The thief was caught by the police.
- 泥棒は警察に捕まった。
- The game must be finished by five o’clock.
- ゲームは5時までに終わらなければならない。
難易度:★★★★
- If given more time, I could have done better.
- もっと時間が与えられれば、もっと良くできたのに。(分詞構文)
- Judging from his appearance, he seems to be tired.
- 外見から判断すると、彼は疲れているようだ。(分詞構文)
- Lost in thought, he didn’t hear what I said.
- 考え事に夢中で、彼は私が言ったことを聞かなかった。(分詞構文)
ポイント
- 受動態の構造をしっかりと理解する: be動詞 + 過去分詞の形
- by + 行為者で、動作を行った人を表す
- 分詞構文: 分詞が副詞の働きをして、文全体を修飾する
受動態の基本的な形と時制について
受動態の一般的な形は「be動詞+過去分詞」で表現される。
中学校の文法においてが能動態との書き換えで表現されることが多く。その際に「by+主語(目的格)」で表現される。
単なる書き換えの場合は、以下の表を押さえておきたい。
能動態 | 受動態 | |
現在形 | They break the window. | The window is broken. |
過去形 | They broke the window. | The window was broken. |
未来を表す表現 | They will break the window. | The window will be broken. |
現在完了 | They have broken the window. | The window has been broken. |
過去完了 | They had broken the window. | The window had been broken. |
未来完了 | They will have broken the window. | The window will have been broken. |
現在進行形 | They are breaking the window. | The window is being broken. |
過去進行形 | They were breaking the window. | The window was being broken. |
未来進行形 | They will be breaking the window. | The window will be being broken. |
過去完了進行形 | They had been breaking the window. | The window had been being broken. |
未来完了進行形 | They will have been breaking the window. | The window will have been being broken. |