【５分で確認】【仮定法：問題演習】”I wish ~ “, ” If only ~ “などの混合問題。～仮定法の願望に関する問題を解いてみよう！～

仮定法の願望に関する選択問題を解いてみよう！

問題1：

次の文の空欄に最も適切なものを選びなさい。

もしもっとお金を持っていたら、世界旅行に行けるのに。

1. If I have more money, I can travel around the world.
2. If I had more money, I could travel around the world.
3. If I will have more money, I can travel around the world.
4. If I had had more money, I could have traveled around the world.

問題2：

次の文の空欄に最も適切なものを選びなさい。

昨日雨が降らなければよかったのに。

1. I wish it doesn’t rain yesterday.
2. I wish it didn’t rain.
3. I wish it hadn’t rained yesterday.
4. I wish it won’t rain tomorrow.

問題3：

次の文の空欄に最も適切なものを選びなさい。

もしあの時彼のアドバイスを聞いていたら、失敗しなかっただろう。

1. If I listened to his advice, I wouldn’t fail.
2. If I had listened to his advice, I wouldn’t have failed.
3. If I listen to his advice, I won’t fail.
4. If I had listened to his advice, I wouldn’t fail.

問題4：

次の文の空欄に最も適切なものを選びなさい。

もっと早く起きられたらよかったのに。

1. I wish I get up earlier.
2. I wish I got up earlier.
3. I wish I had got up earlier.
4. I wish I will get up earlier.

問題5：

次の文の空欄に最も適切なものを選びなさい。

もし私が鳥だったら、どこへでも自由に飛んでいけるのに。

1. If I am a bird, I can fly anywhere.
2. If I were a bird, I could fly anywhere.
3. If I was a bird, I can fly anywhere.
4. If I will be a bird, I could fly anywhere.

解答

1. (2)
2. (3)
3. (2)
4. (3)
5. (2)

解説

これらの問題は、主に仮定法過去と仮定法過去完了の使い分けを問う問題です。

• 仮定法過去: 現実とは異なる、現在の願望を表す
• 仮定法過去完了: 過去の出来事に対する後悔を表す

ポイント

• if節: 過去形の動詞を使う
• 主節： could, would, might + 動詞の原形（現在の願望）、could have, would have, might have + 過去分詞（過去の願望）

If only に関する選択問題を解いてみよう！

問題例

問題1:

もしもっと早く起きていれば、電車に間に合ったのに。

1. If only I get up earlier.
2. If only I got up earlier.
3. If only I had got up earlier.
4. If only I will get up earlier.

問題2:

もし彼が私のアドバイスを聞いていたら、失敗しなかっただろう。

1. If only he listens to my advice.
2. If only he listened to my advice.
3. If only he had listened to my advice.
4. If only he will listen to my advice.

問題3:

もしもっとお金を持っていたら、あの車を買えたのに。

1. If only I have more money, I can buy that car.
2. If only I had more money, I could buy that car.
3. If only I will have more money, I could buy that car.
4. If only I had had more money, I could have bought that car.

解答:

1. (3)
2. (3)
3. (2)

願望に関する選択問題：if only と I wishを解いてみよう！

問題

次の文の空欄に最も適切なものを選びなさい。

1. もしもっとお金があったら、新しいパソコンを買えるのに。
   1. If only I have more money, I can buy a new computer.
   2. If only I had more money, I could buy a new computer.
   3. I wish I have more money to buy a new computer.
   4. I wish I had had more money to buy a new computer.
2. あの時、彼のアドバイスに従っていればよかったのに。
   1. If only I listened to his advice.
   2. If only I had listened to his advice.
   3. I wish I listened to his advice.
   4. I wish I will listen to his advice.
3. もっと早く起きたら、電車に間に合ったのに。
   1. If only I get up earlier.
   2. If only I got up earlier.
   3. I wish I get up earlier.
   4. I wish I had got up earlier.
4. もし今、パリに住んでいたら、エッフェル塔を毎日見ることができるのに。
   1. If only I live in Paris now, I can see the Eiffel Tower every day.
   2. If only I lived in Paris now, I could see the Eiffel Tower every day.
   3. I wish I live in Paris now to see the Eiffel Tower every day.
   4. I wish I had lived in Paris now to see the Eiffel Tower every day.
5. もっと時間がほしい。
   1. If only I have more time.
   2. I wish I have more time.
   3. If only I had more time.
   4. I wish I had more time.

解答

1. (2) If only I had more money, I could buy a new computer.
2. (2) If only I had listened to his advice.
3. (3) I wish I had got up earlier.
4. (2) If only I lived in Paris now, I could see the Eiffel Tower every day.
5. (4) I wish I had more time.

解説

• if only + 過去完了: 過去の出来事に対する後悔を表す
• if only + 過去形: 現在の状況に対する願望を表す
• I wish + 過去完了: 過去の出来事に対する後悔を表す
• I wish + 過去形: 現在の状況に対する願望を表す

ポイント

• if only と I wish はどちらも願望を表す表現ですが、ニュアンスが少し異なります。
• if only の方が、より強い願望や後悔を表す傾向があります。
• 時制 に注意して、適切な形を選びましょう。